You could do something like this (labels.php lang file)...

return array(
    'id' => ':modelName ID',
    'name' => ':modelName Name',
);

And then insert that modelName in your views...

<tr>
    <td>{{ trans('labels.id', array('modelName' => $modelName)) }}</td>
    <td>{{ trans('labels.name', array('modelName' => $modelName)) }}</td>
    <td>{{ trans('labels.category', array('modelName' => $categoryModelName)) }}</td>
<tr>
    <td>{{ $product->product_id }}
    <td>{{ $product->product_name }}</td>
    <td>{{ $product->category->category_name }}</td>
</tr>

Thanks for this suggestions.

I also thought about model specific language files like product.php and category.php so the fields id and name are unique.