If you have shared hosting, with cpanel, you can add domain yourdomain.com as a addon domain, on addon domain you can set a custom path.

And what, if I'm developing on localhost server ? Where can I find a .htaccess file to set a rule or even should I create new .htaccess file ?

For developing I recommend

php -S 'localhost:8000' -t public/

And type in browser localhost:8000

If you don't want to use php built-in server then tell me your prefered server.

This is a good resource: http://forumsarchive.laravel.io/viewtopic.php?id=1258 - personally I like Solution 2 - .htaccess with mod_rewrite - which is adding a simple .htaccess in your document root.

using directly folder Public is not recommended....

this's how i did it

1. in localhost, cut all stuffs inside folder Public outside ( same level with app folder)
2. modify the paht ( start.php,n other necessary files)
3. Upload to Shared Host
4. run just well here's mine

I also did it the same way with @codetrash. See here. http://creolab.hr/2013/03/removing-the-public-segment-in-a-laravel-4-app/